1. VERIFICATION OF BERNOULLIS THEOREM APPARATUS.
The 'J. P. T. I.' unit consist of a rectangular transparent flow section through which water is to be flow, the velocity of water is changes as cross sectional area of channel changes. The changes of head can be measured with manometric tube connected at various sockets, along with the length of channel. Thus the Bernoullies theorem can be verified by calculating the energy & head of water at different section.
2. FLOW OVER NOTCHES
The 'J.P.T.I.' unit consist of flow channel of proper length & width. The notch is fitted, water supply is given at one end of channel. Water flow over notch . Arrangement are made to measure the still level to determine the head.
3. FLOW THROUGH ORIFICEMETER AND MOUTHPIECEMETER
The 'J. P. T. I. ' consists of supply tank along with orifice and mouth piece fixed to the tank. A pointer is provided at the discharge of orifice to demonstrate & to determine X, Y co -ordinate of jet .
4. FLOW MEASUREMENT BY VENTURIMETER AND ORIFICEMETER
The J. P. T. I.’ unit consist of two pipe emerging out from common manifold along with an venturimeter & orificemeter, tapping are provided to measure pressure differences which are connected to differential manometer. A flow regulating valve is provided at the down stream of pipe. A measuring tank is provided to collect the flow.
5. LOSSES IN PIPE FITTING APPARATUS
The 'J. P. T. I.' unit provide study of losses of pipe in various pipe fitting. A differential manometer supply to measure the loss of head in these fitting. A flow control valve is provided. A experiment can be carried out at various flow rate . Testing of pipe circuit consisting of sudden contraction, sudden enlargement, bend,elbow etc.
6. LOSSES IN PIPE FRICTION APPARATUS
The ‘J. P. T. I.’ unit consist of two pipes of different diameter. A collect tank is pro vided to measure the actual discharge. A differential manometer to measure loss of heads in pipes , a flow control valve is provided. Experiment can be carried out at various flow rate.
7. IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS.
The 'J.P.T.I.' unit consists of a box with one leak proof transparent side. At the base of the box nozzle can be fitted to supply pipe. The flow can be controlled with a valve. A differential lever with a fine balancing arrangement is provided to measure the force exerts. Plates of different angle can be easily connected to the lever.
8. METACENTRIC HEIGHT OF SHIP MODEL
The 'J. P. T. I.' unit consists of a small tank. Water is poured in it, so that a small ship model can float over it .The ship model is provided with a horizontal guide bar over which a small weight can be slided. Displacement of weight is measured with a scale. A pointer is attached at the centre of ship. When the weight is slide the ship tilts. The angle of tilt is measured by displacement of pointer & from then the metacentric height of ship can be studied .
9. REYNOLDS APPARATUS
The 'J.P.T.I.' unit consist of a Acrylic tube connected to a tank. At entrance of tube a bell mouth section is provided and at the other end a valve is provide to control the rate of flow. A capillary tube is introduce centrally to the bell mouth to inject die. By varying the rate of flow the reynolds number changes. This also change type of flow. Visual observation of die (thread) will indicate the type of flow which can be confirmed from the reynolds number computed.
10. HYDRAULIC RAM
The ‘J. P. T. I.’ unit consist of a valve chamber having a waste valve & delivery valve waste valve opens into atmosphere &delivery valve chamber .When large quantity of water available at small head, then Hydraulic Ram device is used for pumping small quantity of water at high head. The supply tank & valve is connected with the supply pipe . Valve is provided which admits air from air chamber to make up for the loss due to absorption in water. All these valve maintained above are of non return valve type.
11. FLOW VISUALIZATION APPARATUS
Flow visualisation apparatus is basically designed on Heleshaw principle of potential flow, which uses water as Fluid medium and dye solution forms the streamlines. The thin test channel is formed between two acrylic plates and is having long entry and exit sections relative to the normal size of the model so that end effects on the flow are minimum. The lower Acrylic is illuminated by fluorescent tubes. Top acrylic is fitted in a strong frame and can be fixed in the equipment firmly by two quick release clamps. At inlet end of the channel is a water setting chamber which contains a line mesh gauze to steady the flow. A dye bottle provided floats in the water in the tank automatically compensating the flow of dye for change of head.
12. PRESSURE MEASUREMENT APPARATUS
This is a board mounted model which demonstrates various types of pressure measurement devices used in common practice. The devices incorporated are
i) Single well Manometer. ii) Differential Manometer.
iii) Sensitive Manometer. iv) Pressure Gauge. v) Vaccum Gauge.
13. HELESHAW APPARATUS
Flow visualisation apparatus is basically designed on Heleshaw principle of potential flow, which uses water as Fluid medium and dye solution forms the streamlines. The thin test channel is formed between two acrylic plates and is having entry from the top and exit from the bottom. The model is placed between the acrylic plates. Both the Fluid medium and dye solution are poured into the top containers. The acrylic is kept open from the top so as to facilitate the insertion of the model into the Flow Visualisation Space. The channel is placed vertically in a strong sturdy frame mounted on a “C” channel. At the outlet the brass cock is provided with an outlet pipe connection for the proper flow of the water.
HYDRAULIC BENCH
JPTI unit consist of self contained, water recirculating unit provided with a sump tank , centrifugal pump & top tray to contain water drained from EXPT. Set ups on to it & outlet to return it to the sump.
Specification :
1) Size of Table : 1500 * 1200 * 800 mm
2) Measuring Tank : 50 lits.capacity.
3) Sump Tank : 150 lits. capacity.
4) Centrifugal Pump : 0.5 HP , 1ph , 230v .
5) Necessary piping, valves , fitting & stop clock .
6) Rigid fabricated M.S. Frame structure for support.
7) Top tray , Measuring Tank & Sump Tank will be lined with fibre glass lining for corrosion prevention.
FOLLOWING EXPERIMENTS CAN BE CARRIED OUT WITH COMMON BASIC TABLE :
A) Impact of Jet .
B) Flow measurement by Venturimeter & Orificemeter .
C) Pipe Friction Apparatus .
D) Orifice , Mouthpiece Apparatus .
E) Bernoullis Theorem Apparatus .
F) Flow Over Notches Appratus .
G) Losses in pipe Fittings .
H) Reynolds Apparatus.
