Engineering, Polytechnic and Vocational Training Equipment-> Network Theorems

[1]   Click to Enlarge NETWORK THEOREM VERIFICATION TRAINER . MODEL IBL-NW-1 Network Theorem Trainer Model NW-1 is used for verification of the three theorems. They are Superposition theorem, Reciprocity theorem and Compensation theorem. In order to perform these, the trainer has necessary facilities, like variable voltage source, assorted values of resistors, center-Zero current and built in power supplies. Experiments are performed by using patch cords. Study of Superposition Theorem: - A superposition theorem is an important concept in circuit analysis. It allows you to determine a voltage across a component or a branch current, by calculating the effect of each source in multiple-source circuits, the circuit current from each source can be calculated individually and then algebraically adding each contribution. There are two or more energy sources. Study of Reciprocity Theorem: - In any system composed of linear impedance, if a voltage source V is applied between any two terminals and the current, I, is measured in any branch, their ratio, called the transfer impedance, will be unchanged if the position of the meter and source are interchanged. The current from the source need not be the same. Study of Compensation Theorem: - Impedance in a network may be replaced by an ideal voltage source whose generated EMF at any instant is equal to the instantaneous potential difference across the impedance. Specifications: Voltage source : Variable in the range of ? 1.5 to 15V DC @ 300mA Fixed +5V DC @ 300mA Meter : 25-0-25mA analogue current meter Passive components : Suitable value resistors to perform the above task Enclosure : The entire instrument is housed in an ergonomically designed Cabinet. Note: It is desirable to have an external Digital Multimeter. See Enlarge Click to Enlarge NETWORK THEOREM VERIFICATION TRAINER. MODEL IBL-NW-2 Network Theorem Trainer Model NW-2 is used for verification of the three theorems. They are Thevenin's theorem, Norton's theorem and Maximum power transfer theorem. In order to perform these, the trainer has necessary facilities, like variable voltage source, assorted values of resistors, center-Zero current and built in power supplies. Experiments are performed by using patch cords. Study of Thevenin's Theorem:- The Thevenin?s theorem is a process by which complex circuit is reduced to an equivalent series circuit consist of a single voltage source, a series resistance and a load resistance. Once Thevenin?s equivalent circuit is arrived at, then it becomes easy to determine the load current and the voltage across this load. Study of Norton's Theorem: - Norton?s theorem states that, the current in any conductance or resistor, connected to a network is the same, if the conductance or resistance was connected to a current source, where: 1. The source current is the short circuit current, and the network conductance or resistance looking into the network at the open load terminals 2. With source removed is the equivalent network conductance. Therefore a single ideal current source and a parallel resistor with two terminals can replace combinations of voltage sources, and impedance?s. Maximum Power Transfer Theorem (resistive load): - The maximum power will be transferred to a load when it matches the internal resistance of the source. It is possible to see how this is modified for non-resistive loads also. Specifications: Voltage source : Variable in the range of ? 1.5 to 15V DC @ 300mA Fixed +5V DC @ 300mA Meter : 25-0-25mA analogue current meter Passive components : Suitable value resistors to perform the above task Enclosure : The entire instrument is housed in an ergonomically designed Cabinet. Note: It is desirable to have an external Digital multimeter. See Enlarge Click to Enlarge NETWORK THEOREM VERIFICATION TRAINER. MODEL IBL-NW-3 Network Theorem Trainer Model NW-3 is used for verification of the two theorems. They are Kirchoff's voltage and current law and study of Millman?s theorem. In order to perform these, the trainer has necessary facilities, like provision for creating 4 different voltage sources, assorted values of resistors, center-Zero current and built in power supplies. Experiments are performed by using patch cords. Kirchoff's Voltage and Current Law: - NODAL or LOOP analysis are complimentary to each other. In Loop analysis, we write Kirchoff's Voltage Law (KVL) equations and solve for unknown branch currents. In Nodal analysis, we write Kirchoff's current law (KCL) equations and solve for unknown node voltages. Each is a powerful technique and we normally employ the technique that will readily solve for the desired unknown circuit parameter. Millman?s Theorem:- In a network system, multiple current sources which are in parallel can be represented by a single current source, having the sum of the individual source currents and the resistance of the parallel combination of the individual source resistance. Specifications: Voltage source : Provision to create four different voltage sources @ 50mA each Fixed +5V DC @ 300mA Meter : 25-0-25mA analogue current meter Passive components : Suitable value resistors to perform the above task Enclosure : The entire instrument is housed in an ergonomically designed cabinet. Note: It is desirable to have an external Digital multimeter. See Enlarge Click to Enlarge MAXWELL?S BRIDGE. MODEL IBL - MB-1 Maxwell?s Bridge is used for the measurement of inductance in terms of comparison with a standard variable capacitance using the following equation. This trainer has capability to measure inductance in the range of 1mH to 1H Lx = C1 R1 R2 Lx is unknown inductance, R1& R2 non-inductive resistance and a standard capacitor-C1. In this bridge we are having three sections. A built in oscillator section with a frequency. A bridge section with four arms. Arm AC consists of unknown inductance (Lx). Arm AD consists of Variable non-inductive resistance R1. Arm CB consists of non-inductive resistance R2 with multiple selection ranges. Arm BD consists of parallel network of fixed & Resistance (R3) with multiple selection ranges. The balance of bridge can be observed using a built-in audio amplifier with loudspeaker arrangement. This acts as a null detector. See Enlarge Click to Enlarge HEY?S BRIDGE. MODEL IBL-HB-1 Hey?s Bridge is intended to measure an unknown inductance by comparison with a standard variable capacitance. This bridge measures unknown inductance in the range of 1mH to 100mH L1 = R2 x R3 x C4 In this bridge we are having three sections. A built in oscillator section. Bridge section with four arms. The balance of bridge can be observed using a built-in audio amplifier with loudspeaker arrangement. This acts as a null detector. See Enlarge [1] Go to Top