Engineering, Polytechnic and Vocational Training Equipment-> Instrumentation Trainer Experimental Modules

1 [2] 3 [«Back ||Next »]   Click to Enlarge HUMIDITY SENSOR TRANSDUCER TRAINER. MODEL IBL-HS-1 Humidity is the measure of water vapour present in a gas. It is usually measured as absolute Humidity, Relative Humidity or Due point temperature. In this experimental setup we are measuring Humidity in terms of Relative Humidity. Relative Humidity is The Ratio of water vapour pressure actually present to water vapour pressure required for saturation at a given temperature. The ratio is expressed in percent. Relative humidity (RH) is always dependent on temperature. In this trainer, an external optional DMM is used to measure the humidity in terms of voltage when it is in 2V DC range. The reading so obtained is direct indication of Relative Humidity in terms of percentage. This trainer has a humidity transducer capable of measuring RH in the range of 20% to 90%, a timer, an instrumentation amplifier, a precession rectifier and built-in power supply . See Enlarge Click to Enlarge INDUCTIVE TRANSDUCER MODULE. MODEL IBL-IM - 27 A proximity switch is used in this trainer. The output of this transducer is either 0 state or 1 state. The inductance of this transducer remains constant, until a metallic element is taken close to the transducer. During this state, the output will be equal to excitation voltage. The disturbance is created by taking a metallic object near the transducer. Due to the presence of this metallic object, the inductance value changes, hence a change in the Output State. This trainer module consists of a 5mm inductive proximity sensor, built-in power supply. The scope of this module is to check for ON or OFF condition only. See Enlarge Click to Enlarge CAPACITIVE TRANSDUCER MODULE. MODEL IBL-IM - 28 A capacitive proximity switch is used in this trainer. The output of this transducer is either 0 state or 1 state. The capacitance of this transducer remains constant, until disturbed. During this state, the output will be equal to excitation voltage. The disturbance is created by taking a metallic object near the transducer. Due to the presence of this metallic object, the capacitance values change hence a change in the Output State. This trainer module consists of a 5mm capacitive proximity sensor, built-in power supply. The scope of this module is to check for ON or OFF condition See Enlarge Click to Enlarge PIEZO ELECTRIC TRANSDUCER MODULE. MODEL IBL-DM - 2 The Piezo electric transducer is one, which changes its state from mechanical to electric or vice versa. For example a) when a Piezo electric crystal is subjected to mechanical vibrations, an electrical output is produced. This principle is used for measuring the vibrations in a mechanical fixture b) When a Piezo electric crystal is excited electrically, the output is mechanical. This principle is used in audio buzzers. Piezo electric crystals are used in seismic instruments. There are several electrical and mechanical considerations to design a Piezo for a specific application. In this trainer, four Piezo electric crystals are used. These are placed on a metallic platform on four sides of the plate. Each is separated by a distance of 3 to 4 inches. Four high - Zi amplifiers are used. Each amplifier is connected with one transducer at its input terminals. The outputs of all the amplifiers are connected to sample and hold amplifier, through a switch selector. Two separate sets of terminals, one before sample-hold, the other set after. In order to create a measured quantity, of mechanical vibration, a jig is provided. Using this jig it would be possible to drop 20gm weight from different heights. It is be possible to make qualitative study only. Specifications: Transducer: 4 numbers of Piezo transducers placed on a jig. Selector: 4-position selector switch is used to check the output from each transducer. Output: Two separate sets of output terminals are provided. Output directly from signal conditioner, b) from sample and hold also. Jig: Included. Built-in power supply. See Enlarge Click to Enlarge OPTO-ELCTRIC TRANSDUCER TRAINER. MODEL IBL-DM - 3 PHOTO TRANSISTOR, PHOTO DIODE, LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR (LDR), etc, are sensitive to light. Each exhibits a finite characteristic for incidence light. Wavelength and intensity of incidence light determines the output characteristic of the above devices. This trainer consists of one each of the above transducers. A common incandescent light source with variable intensity illumination is provided with this trainer. A separate output terminal for each transducer is provided for measurement. A plot between the intensity (for three different light intensities) and the output voltage is recorded. The trainer has built-in power supply. Specifications: Opto devices: LDR, photo diode, photo transistor- 1 each. Source: A variable light intensity source. Built-in power supply. See Enlarge Click to Enlarge SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL DEMONSTRATION. MODEL IBL-DM - 4 Solar cells at present furnish the most important long-duration power supply for satellites and space vehicles. It is also used in street lighting on experimental basis, in several places. This is one of the major thrust areas for producing power, using non-conventional energy. Since the current produced is very small, many P-N junction photo diodes are connected in series-parallel combination to achieve the desired voltage and current. This is called photo voltaic cell array. In this demonstration instrument, when no light is applied to a solar cell, the output voltage is zero. For ambient light, the solar cell produces some voltage, which is fed to a signal conditioner. The voltage produced in solar cell, is amplified by three times and displayed in a digital panel meter. The solar cell used in this trainer has maximum output voltage of 0.5V. An amplifier increases this by three times and produces 1.5V DC at its output terminals. By applying variable light intensity. We can observe the corresponding O/P voltage, and the characteristics of the solar cell can be recorded. EXPERIMENT: To study the characteristics of Solar PhotoVoltaic Cell, under 3 different light intensities. For ambient light, low intensity, and high intensity. Plot a graph of Output voltage Vs Distance of the light source. This observation can be recorded for 3 different light intensities. Specifications: One Photovoltaic cell (0-0.5V Max). A concave lens to produce concentrated beam of light. Two concentric sliding tubes, one inside the other to adjust the distance, from light source to the Photo Voltaic cell. A built-in signal conditioner. Light source with variable light intensity. A digital panel volt meter (0-2V). See Enlarge Click to Enlarge STUDY OF CONTROL VALVE DYNAMICS. MODEL IBL-INS - 1 A flow control valve is a device used in process industry, which has function similar to a water tap at our homes. In a water tap, the quantity of water flow is regulated by rotating the handle of the tap, either clockwise or anti-clockwise. The quantity of water discharge is decided by the size of the tap. For larger sized tap, more water flows for the same opening, compared to a small tap. In flow control valve the operation of opening and closing is done remotely by pneumatic air pressure, in association with a control valve. The air pressure for opening and closing is used because, the fluid may be toxic or inflammable, or shear muscle power needed to control discharge of large quantities of fluid. Moreover I-P converter, which is used to open or close the flow control valve, can be remotely operated. Now there is a need to study two aspects of Flow Control Valve. 1) How to open and close a flow control valve under controlled condition. 2) The rate of discharge of fluid under consideration. The scope of this module is restricted only to the study of opening and closing and not the fluid flow. The full potential of the flow control valve is experimented in FLOW AND LEVEL CONTROL TRAINER, when water is used as medium or PRESSURE CONTROL TRAINER, where air is used as medium of discharge. The control valve dynamics involve, the response time of the control valve from the time a control valve reaches a desired position. This time of actuation can be from fully closed condition to the fully open condition, or from and to a desired position of the stem. 2) Hysterisis study of a control valve. It is possible to position the stem of the control valve within the range of valve movement. It is possible to position the stem of the control valve by applying air pressure (in the range of 3 to 15 PSI), from fully closed position (0% opening), to the fully open (100% opening) position. Due to mechanical inertia of the control valve, the stem position is different for the same air pressure during upward travel and downward travel. This difference in stem positioning contributes to the hysterisis. Smaller the difference, the better is the control valve. By this experiment we now study, how good or how bad is the control valve. The study of flow control valve consists of single seated low flow control valve. The instrument is supplied along with necessary Electro pneumatic converter; current transmitter, current meter, DC power supply, and interface electronics, pneumatic connections by FESTO make quick couplings. Compressed air at 5 Kg/cm2 must be supplied by the user. Control valve position feedback is available for Data Acquisition purposes. Specifications: a) Control Value: Fluid: Water Body form: Globe-2-Way Size body/port/Cv: 1/2"- 1/4" - 2.0Gpm End connection / rating: Flanged RF - ANSI -150# Body material: CCS Trim form / Material: Contoured / SS304 Flow chart/Direction: Linear / Under Actuator type: Diaphragm Control Signal: 0.2 - 1.0 Kg/cm2 Valve action: Air to open Total stem travel: 18mm Equal percentage contoured low flow control valve. Input: 3 to 15 PSI air pressure. Two current meters to monitor a) input to I-P converter, b) Valve position. Filter line regulation unit. Interface electronics suitable for Data Acquisition instrument, Model DAS-1. 5kg/cm2 compressed air to be supplied by the user. FESTO make quick couplings. Electronics include, power supplies, Instrumentation amplifiers. Table top model. See Enlarge Click to Enlarge I TO P TRAINER. MODEL INS - 2 Electro-pneumatic converter or I to P converter is one, which accepts 4 -20mA current (I) as input and converts into linear air pressure (P) in the range of 3-15 PSI. In process control, instruments, all the transmitter/receiver's outputs and inputs, are normally in the range of 4-20mA. (4mA are least value (0%) of FSD and 20mA is maximum value (100%) of FSD. A change in this current is used to indicate a change in flow, level, temperature, pressure, viscosity, load, speed, velocity etc. Hence, there is a need to have Electro-pneumatic converters from any of the above parameters to pressure and vice-versa. For example opening a valve and closing a valve. This valve in turn may allow air, water, oil, slurry etc to pass in controlled quantities. Hence, there exists a need to study what this Electro-pneumatic converter is all about. Electro-pneumatic converter experimental demonstration instrument consists of: 1) A stand alone 4-20mA current simulator. This simulator provides adjustable current in range of 4-20mA. A current meter monitors this. A selector switch selects either current from this simulator or from an external current source, operated by any other current source. 2) An Electro-pneumatic converter operating in the range of 3-15 PSI. Two pressure gauges connected on either side monitor upstream and down stream pressures. It is necessary to provide stabilized compressed air pressure as input, from any standard compressor. The upstream (from the compressor) pressure is more or less stable, while the down stream (from this converter) pressure keeps changing between 3 to 15 PSI, proportional to the current input to this converter. 3) This pressure can be monitored by a pressure gauge. I-P converter characteristics can be studied by tabulating the output pressures for various current inputs for forward travel (i.e. from 3 to 15 PSI) and backward travel (i.e. from 15 to 3 PSI). Therefore hysterisis can be plotted; the accuracy and linearity of the converter can be determined. Specifications: Input: 4-20mA current Output: 3-15PSI (0.2 to 1Kg/cm2). I/O threads: 1/4" NPT Zero and Span adjustment by screw adjuster. Coil resistance: 90(+/-) 5 ohms. Coil inductance: 10mH. Supply pressure: 1.4Kg/cm2 Air consumption: 60Litres/Hr. Vertical mounting Dial gauge at upstream. Pressure vessel with pressure release valve. All pneumatic connections are made by using FESTO or similar make quick couplings. Current meter: To monitor input to I-P converter. Built-in DC power supply. Selector switch to monitor current from internal current generator or from any external source. Pneumatic line to be provided by the user from any standard compressor, at 5kg/cm2. See Enlarge Click to Enlarge I TO P - P TO I TRAINER. MODEL IBL-INS - 3 The I to P and P to I trainer, is an extension of the I to P trainer. This is a combination of two transducers in one unit. The I to P takes 4 to 20 mA as input and provides, output pressure in the range of 3 to 15 PSI. Whereas P to I transducer takes 3 to 15 PSI as input and generates 4 - to 20 mA as output current. This trainer consists of one each of the above transducers. The output of I to P transducer is given as Input of P to I transducer. A pressure gauge indicates the output of I to P and Input of P to I transducers. Two separate current meters monitor the currents of both transducers. A filter line regulation unit provides moisture free air to the trainer. Dedicated built-in DC power supply and interface electronics are provided with the instrument. In manual mode, a variable potentiometer provides current to the I to P transducer. Automatic mode is possible, when connected to Computer Applications Trainer, Model DAS-1. The user must provide 5Kg/Cm2 compressed air power from a compressor. Specifications: I-P Transducer Input: 4-20mA current Output: 3-15PSI (0.2 to 1Kg/cm2). I/O threads: 1/4" NPT Zero and Span adjustment by screw adjuster. Coil resistance: 90() 5 ohms. Coil inductance: 10mH. Supply pressure: 1.4Kg/cm2 Air consumption: 60Litres/Hr. Vertical mounting Dial gauge at upstream. Pressure vessel with pressure release valve. P-I Transducer Input: 3-15 PSI Output: 4-20mA. All pneumatic connections are made by using FESTO or similar make quick couplings. Current meter: To monitor input to I-P converter and output of P-1 current by switch selector. Built-in DC power supply. Selector switch to monitor current from internal current generator or from any external source. Pneumatic line to be provided by the user from any standard compressor, at 5kg/cm2. See Enlarge Click to Enlarge BOURDON PRESSURE TRANSDUCER DEMONSTRATION MODULE. MODEL IBL-INS - 4 Bourdon pressure transducer measure, pressure in a given instrument within some elastic limits. This is one of the varieties of pressure transducers. This transducer converts the applied force into a displacement. Therefore this is called as a force-summing device. The amount of displacement is a measure of the pressure exerted on this transducer. The range of pressure measurement depends on the material used and geometry of construction, namely circular tube or twisted tube.This tube deflects proportional to the applied pressure. In Bourdon Pressure gauge, the measuring tube is arranged almost in a semi circular fashion. The arc of this near-semi-circular tube changes proportional to the applied pressure, causing large displacement at the farther end of this tube. A displacement transducer attached at this farther end is used to generate controlling signal to the indicating device. Bourdon pressure transducer demonstration module is an electronic instrument. This can measure pressures between 3 to 15 PSI. The output is 4 to 20mA. The current meter indicating this is linear representation of the measured pressure. The demonstration instrument has a pressure vessel. A foot pump (preferable to connect to a compressor) is used to increase air in the pressure vessel. The pressure vessel has a manually adjustable release valve to reduce the pressure, and set a predetermined pressure level. A hand operated valve attached to the pressure vessel can also reduce the air pressure within the pressure vessel. This attachment significantly improves the understanding of the operation; this can be connected to a Data Acquisition instrument, Model DAS-1. An analog pressure gauge fitted to the vessel indicates the actual pressure for comparison. The electronics consists of power supply (to operate Bourdon pressure transducer), 4-20mA current meter, instrumentation amplifier, test points, and finally the analog output of the pressure transducer terminated on the two terminals for Data Acquisition purposes. A plot of an applied pressure Vs the analog output, or 4-20mA output gives the characteristics of the Bourdon pressure transducer. Hysterisis can be plotted. A useful attachment to this is I to P converter demonstration module. Specifications: Input: 3-15 PSI (0.2 to 1Kg/cm2) Output: 4-20mA current. Built-in power supplies. Current meter to monitor output current. Air pressure by foot pump. 15 PJI Dial gauge. 2Lt Pressure vessel with manually adjustable relief valve. Pneumatic connections by FESTO make quick coupling connections. Built-in electronics. See Enlarge Click to Enlarge HALL EFFECT TRANSDUCER TRAINER. MODEL IBL-HAL-1 The function of a Hall sensor is based on the physical principle of the Hall effect named after its discoverer E.H. Hall. It means that a voltage is generated transversely to the current flow direction in an electric conductor (the Hall voltage), if a magnetic field is applied perpendicularly to the conductor. This sensor element detects the components of the magnetic flux perpendicular to the surface of the chip and emits a proportional electrical signal, which is processed in the evaluation circuits integrated on the sensor chip. See Enlarge Click to Enlarge FLAPPER NOZZLE TRAINER. MODEL IBL-FNT-1 The role of flapper nozzle lies in its ability to generate a large output air pressure, by placing a small obstruction at the orifice (at the nozzle) of an incoming pneumatic signal. This trainer has a flapper nozzle, together with a pressure amplifier, suitably connected to a spring damper, and a spring compensator. This trainer not only used to draw the characteristics of a FLAPPER NOZZLE, but also highlights the application of a FLAPPER NOZZLE itself. The Flapper Nozzle trainer is a pneumatic system. The air at fixed pressure enters a constriction (a partial obstruction) in its delivery path and enters a nozzle. The opening of the nozzle is larger than the constriction. When the flapper is moved away (usually one thousandth of an inch) from the nozzle, the pressure at the nozzle falls to a low value typically 2 to 3 psi. When the flapper is moved close to the nozzle, the pressure at he nozzle rises to the supply pressure. This pressure is now applied to a pressure amplifier, which in turn moves a beam. The purpose of this beam is to demonstrate the utility of a flapper nozzle experiment. The displacement of this moving beam is proportional to the pressure developed due to the positioning of the flapper from the nozzle. This trainer is intended to demonstrate what a flapper nozzle is, and how it is used in typical pneumatic installations. Using this trainer the students / trainee can make measurement and draw graphs that describes the role of a flapper nozzle. Graphs can be drawn between (a) Output pressure vs displacement of flapper nozzle, and (b) Output pressure vs the distance traversed by the walking beam. By doing so, they correlate complete characteristics of the flapper nozzle system. System in addition to study an application of a FLAPPER NOZZLE system itself, namely a control valve itself minus valve portion of it. See Enlarge Click to Enlarge TRANSDUCER TRAINER . MODEL IBL-TDT-1 This is an integrated transducer trainer with the following transducers, built-in one unit. This is a FOUR-IN-ONE unit. This unit consists of the following four transducers. a) THERMISTOR b) HUMIDITY SENSOR c) DC MOTOR CONTROL d) STRAIN GAUGE See Enlarge Click to Enlarge CALIBRATION OF PRESSURE GAUGE OR PRESSURE TRANSMITTER USING MANOMETER MODEL IBL-AM-21 This setup is intended to measure low pressure gauges. The manometer is the metering device in this case, while the pressure gauge whose pressure is to be calibrated is used as DEVICE UNDER TEST (DUT). The manometer uses water for the measurement of pressure to be applied to the DUT. Note: The same setup can also be used to calibrate pressure transmitters. The transmitter is not in the scope of supply. This is an optional pressure transmitter Specifications:- Manometer: Suitable U-Tube manometer supplied for low pressure measurements Pressure gauge: Low pressure gauge supplied as DUT. Optional Interface:- Low Pressure Transmitter: Low pressure measurement Input : 0 to 5PSI Output: 4-20Ma Necessary electronics is included in the setup See Enlarge Click to Enlarge STUDY CHARACTERISTICS OF ACCELEROMETER MODEL IBL-AM-22 This unit consists of an Accelerometer transducer. This is a demonstration setup. The accelerometer is a charge-sensitive device; an instantaneous change in stress on the internal PE element produces a charge at the accelerometer's output terminals that is proportional to the applied acceleration. Necessary signal conditioning is provided on the instrument. Specifications:- Charge sensitivity: 45pc/g ? 55pc/g Frequency range: 2-2000Hz ?5% of FSD Capacitance: 1000pf See Enlarge 1 [2] 3 [«Back ||Next »] Go to Top