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ACCESSORIES FOR OPTICAL BENCH, DELUXE, TRIANGULAR SECTION lens Holder, Adjustable Pin Hole Screen, Object Screen with Cross Wires, Object Screen with Wire mesh gauze, Iris Diaphragm , Micrometer Slit, (0720)
The following accessories are available optionally for use with OPTICAL BENCH, DELUXE, TRIANGULAR SECTION : lens Holder, Adjustable Pin Hole Screen, Object Screen with Cross Wires, Object Screen with Wire mesh gauze, Iris Diaphragm , Micrometer Slit, Grating Holder.
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GRATING SPECTROSCOPE (0721)
A diffraction grating spectroscope for viewing visible lines and absorption spectra. The spectrum is visible, superimposed on a scale, which gives the approximate wavelengths. The high resolution diffraction grating replica used, produces extremely bright spectrum. Complete body of unbreakable moulded plastic and can easily be held in the hand. The construction eliminates internal reflections to provide the sharpest, clearest spectrum.
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LUX METER (0722)
Compact, battery operated, light-weight and poratable meter useful for measuring intensity of light. Designed and fabricated keeping in mind convenient operation and long life of reliable use. Incorporates 3 1/2 digit LCD display with auto zero adjust facility and low battery indicator. Separate light sensor permits measurements quickly and conveniently at the desired location. Main features include Display : 18mm, 3 1/2 digit LCD display, Ranges : 0 - 50,000 LUX in 3 ranges (2000, 20,000 and 50,000) Accuracy : ? (5% + 2d) in all ranges (at 23 ? 5?C), Over Input : Indication of "1", Sampling Time : 0.4second, Operating Conditions : 0 - 50?C / 0-80%RH, Power : 006P DC 9V battery (consumption approx 2mA).
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SONOMETER, GRADUATED MONOCHORD (0723)
For investigating pitch of vibrating strings as a function of their tension, length and thickness. Comprises a hollow resonance box with three adjustable strings - two strings by means of wrest pin while third one at the center with loads or a spring balance. A 60cm scale fixed on one side between two fixed bridges has multi-coloured segments for easy reading, with each smallest block of 1 cm. provided with two movable bridges to facilitate changing effective string length.
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SPECTRUM TUBE POWER SUPPLY (0724)
A specially designed high quality spectrum tube power supply, designed keeping in view user's safety in mind. Complete assembly is housed in a sturdy and durable, pillar type sheet metal casing with indicator type ON/OFF switch and captive mains cable. All the connecting sockets are fully shielded to prevent electric shock. A pair of highly insulating, moulded plastic sockets are fitted - one near the top and other near the bottom to hold spectrum tubes firmly, while preventing the user from touching the electrodes. The bottom socket is spring loaded to enable quick and easy changing of spectrum tubes. Black metal panel behind the mounted tube eliminated distracting ambient light and protects tube from breakage. Operates on 220-240V AC, 50Hz.
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Michelson-interferometer (0725)
In a Michelson-interferometer a coherent light beam is separated into two rays travelling in different directions by inserting a half-silvered mirror in the path. The separated beams are reflected back along themselves and then recombined. The viewing scree n then exhibits an interference pattern that changes perceptibly when the optical path lengths for each of the split beams are changed by fractions of the wavelength of light. EXPERIMENT PROCE DURE : • Determine the wavelength of a laser. • Determine the refractive index of air as a function of pressure. • Determine the refractive index of glass. • Determine the quality of the surface of a strip of adhesive tape. BASIC PRINCIPLE : The Michelson interferometer was invented by A. A. Michelson originally to demonstrate whether the Earth could be observed to be in motion through an ether in which light was once thought to propagate. His design has nevertheless proved crucial for making interferometric measurements, e.g. of changes in length, thickness of layers or refractive indices. A divergent light beam is split into two by a half-silvered mirror and the two resulting beams travel along differing paths. They are then reflected back on themselves and recombined so that interference patterns can be viewed on a screen. The resulting pattern is highly sensitive to any differences in the optical paths covered by the split beams. If the refractive index remains constant the degree of change in the geometric paths can be calculated, e.g. changes in size of various materials due to thermal expansion. If by contrast the geometry is maintained, then refractive indices or changes in them due to pressure, temperature or density variations may be determined.
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Mechanics System 1 (0726)
Specifications : Size: 83 x 28 x 12 cm – Weight: approx. 6 kg Packing: external suitcase in hard ABS, internal foam for prevention accidental breakage. Equipment suggested Electronic Balance, Dual Range Force Sensor, Motion Detector. LAWS & PRINCIPLES INVESTIGATED :
Balance oscillation measurements • Balance sensitivity • Belt wheel drive • Composition and decomposition of forces • Concurrent forces • Decomposition of a force into its components • Determination of the acceleration due to gravity by means of the simple pendulum • Elongation of a leaf spring • Elongation of a spring • First-class levers • Fixed pulley • Hooke’s Law • Inclined plane • Investigation of an oscillation of a simple pendulum • Measurement of length • Mobile and fixed pulley • Momentum of a force • Parallelogram of forces • Second and third-class levers • Static and dynamic friction • Spring pendulum • Springs in series and parallel • Static measurement of a force • The concept of kinetic energy • The concept of potential energy • Transmission of a force along a cable • Weight as a force. COMPONENTS : Sectional universal base with 3 knob (2x) • Pulley with hook (2x) • Plastic Pulley, with metal rod • Scale pan hooked, with metal suspension (2x) • Friction block • Tubular Spring Balance (Metal) 3N • Tubular Spring Balance (Metal) 6N • Tubular Spring Balance (Metal) 10N • Lever, Holed Rod, with pair of threaded cylinders
• Double Side Scale, silk screen printed • Inclined plane, with 3 different track terminals • Multifunction Support Rod, rounded ends with holes, length 35 cm • Support Rod, rounded ends, length 35 cm (2x) • Support Rod, rounded ends, length 50 cm (3x) • Spring leaf, length 30 cm, width 1 cm • Spring leaf, length 30 cm, width 2 cm • Extension Clamp with Rod, diameter 1 cm • Cart for Inclined Plane • Differential pulley (30, 60, and 90 mm diameters) • Differential pulley with two handles (40, 80, and 120 mm diameters) • Goniometric Circle • Tape Measure, 2 m • Vernier caliper, scale 0÷160 mm, accuracy 0.05 mm • Cylindrical mass 10 g (5x) • Cylindrical mass 25 g (8x) • Cylindrical mass 50 g (4x) • Mass 100 g
• Mass 50 g (2x) • Mass 20 g (2x) • Mass 10 g • Mass 5 g • Mass 2 g (2x) • Mass 1 g • Flat mass 500 mg • Flat mass 300 mg • Steel spring with pointer (2x) • Hook for Cart • Rod with clip (2x) • Rod diam. 10 mm, length 127 mm, with hook (2x) • Red pointer with clip • Suspension ring • Knob (Inox, Blue M4 x 10 mm) • Axel with fixing screw for differential pulley (2x) • Metal bosshead 20 x 20 x 40 mm, with knobs (2x)
• Bosshead (3x) • Polyester inelastic cord, diam. 0.8 mm, length 10 m • Mass hanger, 10 g • Slotted mass, 10 g (5x) • Metal ring dia. 20 mm
• Brass hook diam. 3 mm, length 50 mm (2x) • Brass hook diam. 3 mm, length 40 mm (7x) • “S” Hook (2x) • Balance hook (2x) • Rubber band (2x) • Rod diam. 3 mm, length 72.5 mm with cylinder • Rod diam. 8 mm, length 70 mm with threaded stem M3.
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Mechanics System 2 (0727)
Specifications : Size: 124 x 28 x 12 cm – Weight: approx. 7 kg Packing: external uitcase in hard ABS, internal foam to prevent accidental shock Equipment suggested Electronic Balance Motion Detector. COMPONENTS : Aluminium Track • Electronic Timer • Power Supply 12V • Cart (2x) • Reflection Photogate (2x) • Release Electromagnet • Brake/Bumper for Cart • Fixed Support for Track • Adjustable Support for Track • Pulley with metal rod • Aluminium Flag for Cart (2x) • Bubble Level • Neodymium-Iron-Boron Button Magnet • Polyester inelastic cord, length 10 m • Knob (Inox, Blue) M4x10 (2x) • Knob (Inox, Blue) M5x14 (2x) • Knob (Inox, Blue) M5x20 (3x) • Knob (Inox, Blue) M5x35 (2x) • Massholder for Cart (2x) • Slotted Masses Set • Plumb Line on Scale • Spring Bumper (2x) • Spring Bumper for Electromagnet • Trigger for Cart • Pair of Velcro Bumpers • Hook for Cart. LAWS & PRINCIPLES INVESTIGATED : • Conservation of momentum and energy • Acceleration and velocity • Eddy currents • Elastic and inelastic collisions • Friction • Law of Inertia • Kinetic and potential energy • Newton’s 1st Law • Newton’s 2nd Law • Rectilinear uniform motion • Rolling friction • Uniform accelerated rectilinear motion.
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Mechanics System 3 (0728)
Specifications : Case 1 - Size: 73 x 50 x 16 cm – Weight: approx. 8 kg Packing: external suitcase in hard ABS, internal foam for prevention of accidental reakage Case 2 ; Size: 124 x 28 x 12 cm – Weight: approx. 4 kg Equipment suggested Gas Pressure Sensor, Dual Range Force Sensor, Vernier Caliper Tape Measure & Mercury. COMPONENTS : • Universal base (2x) • Support Rod, rounded ends, length 35 cm (2x) • Support Rod, rounded ends, length 50 cm (2x) • Bosshead (4x) • Swivel bosshead (2x) • Extension Clamp with Rod (2x) • G Clamp 5402.22 • U-Tube manometer • Air Blower • Voltage Regulator for Air Blower • Pascal Apparatus Ball • Potassium Permanganate (5 g) • Silicone Grease • Styrofoam Ball • Ping Pong Ball • Silicone Tubing • PVC transparent tube • Viscosity Tube, Ostwald • Plastic Funnel • Mariotte’s Bottle • Tube for Mariotte’s Bottle • Cartesian Diver • Centrifuge Tube • Rubber Stopper, 1 hole • Rubber Stopper, solid • Rubber Stopper, 1 hole • communicating Vessels • Capillary Tubes • Drying Tube, U shaped • Force Pump • Plastic beaker, 250 ml (2x) • Hare’s apparatus • Perspex tube • Venturi’s tube • Syringe 5 ml • Syringe 20 ml • Base for Capillary Tube and Communicating Vessels. LAWS & PRINCIPLES INVESTIGATED : • Adhesion and cohesion • Archimedes’ principle • Bernoulli’s theorem • Boyle’s Law • Buoyant force • Capillarity • Cartesian diver • Communicating vessels • Density of a solid body • Density of two immiscible liquids • Drag coefficient • Force pump • Hagen-Poiseuille Law • Hare’s apparatus • Hydraulic brake • Hydrostatic pressure • Jurin’s Law • Mariotte’s bottle • Ostwald viscometer • Pascal’s Law • Perfect gas Law • Relative density of two non-mixable fluids • Reynold’s number • Siphon • Stevino’s Law • Stoke’s formula • Surface tension • Terminal velocity • The Archimedes’ principle • The Gamow, Oppenheimer, Bloch puzzle • Torricelli’s theorem • U-tube manometer • Venturi tube.
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Heat System (0729)
Specifications : Size: 73 x 50 x 16 cm – Weight: approx. 6 kg, Packing: durable ABS plastic carry case with foam inserts. COMPONENTS : Universal base (2x) • Support Rod, length 35 cm (2x) • Support Rod, length 50 cm (2x) • Bosshead (4x) • Swivel bosshead (2x) • Digital multimeter • Thermocouple type T • Beaker, low form 500 ml • Beaker, low form 250 ml • Beaker, low form 100 ml • Cylinder graduated 100 x 1 ml • Centrifuge Tube 100 ml • Filtering Flask 500 ml • Silicone Tubing • Drying Tube • Extension clamp with rod (2x) • Mercury thermometer, range: -10?C/+110?C x 1?C (2x) • Calorimeter • Joule’s law unit • Stackable Plug Lead, 50 cm, red colour, plug 4 mm • Stackable Plug Lead, 50 cm, black colour, plug 4 mm • Silicone grease • Rubber stopper with one hole (37 x 28 x 5 mm) • Rubber stopper, solid • Rubber stopper with one hole (23 x 16 x 4 mm) • Paraffin block (4x) • Set of two cylinders (stainless steel and aluminium) • Sponge piece • Set U-shaped rod • Specific heat cylinders. • Wire gauzes with round ceramic centre (2x) • Bunsen Burner • Tripod Stand for Bunsen Burner • Gas Burner Tubing, for butane/propane gas • Micrometer Dial Gauge, range: 0 ? 10 mm sensitivity: 0.01 mm • Support for Micrometer Dial Gauge with knob • Pulse glass • Potassium Permanganate • Bimetallic strip with electric contact. LAWS & PRINCIPLES INVETIGATED : • Thermal radiation • Boiling and condensation • Calorimeter and Joule’s Law • Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures • Equilibrium temperature of mixed liquids • Evaporation of two different liquids • Expansion of ice • Thermometer’s time constant and fixed points of a thermometer • Fourier’s Equation and Fourier’s Law
• Heat sensitivity and Locke’s Law • Linear expansion of a solid • Wet and dry bulb hygrometer, relative humidity, psychrometry and
moisture content • Newton’s Law of Heating or Cooling • Phase transition • Pulse glass functioning principle • Saturated and supersaturated solutions • Different solution phenomena at different temperatures • Specific Heat • Thermal agitation, conduction and expansion • Thermostat and thermocouple • Peltier-Seebeck effect.
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Optics System 1 (0730)
Specifications : Size: 124 x 28 x 12 cm – Weight: approx. 6 kg Packing: durable ABS plastic carry case with foam inserts. COMPONENTS : • Stackable Plug Lead (4x), • Lampholder, single • Lampholder, quadruple • Slider for holder, with knob (6x) • Slider for projector, with knob • Holder for 50 mm diam. lenses and mirrors (4x) • Transformer, 12 V 2.5 A • Prism table • Projector with 12 V 20 W halogen lamp • Halogen lamp 12 V 20 W, spare • White metal screen (140 x 140 mm) • Set of 4 Biconvex Spherical lenses (dia. 50 mm) • Set of 4 Biconcave Spherical lenses (diam. 50 mm) • Set of 4 Concave Spherical mirrors (diam. 50 mm) • Set of 4 Convex Spherical mirrors (diam. 50 mm) • Optical bench with supports • Shadow rod • Joly photometer on stem • Bulb lamp, 12 V 2 W (6x) • Set of seven diaphragms • Holder for slides and diaphragms • Millimetre graph paper • Equilateral glass prism (side 25 mm). LAWS & PRINCIPLES INVESTIGATED : • Concave and convex mirror • Convergent and divergent lens • Focal length • Gauss approximation • The eye, hyperopic and myopic eye • Inverse square law • Joly photometer • Lens power • Luminous intensity • Magnifier and magnifying power • Photometry • Prism • Ray tracing • Refractive index • Umbra and penumbra • System of lenses • The microscope • The telescope • Thin lens equation.
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Optics System 2 (0731)
Specifications : Size: 83 x 28 x 12 cm – Weight: approx. 5.5 kg Packing: durable ABS plastic carry case with foam inserts. COMPONENTS : • Hartl Disk • Optical Bench • Universal Base with knob (2x) • Thread adapter for Universal Base (2x) • Slider for Holder with knob (4x) • Slider for Projector with knob • Biconvex Lens for Hartl Disk (f = +85 mm) • Biconvex Lens for Hartl Disk (f = +135 mm) • Biconcave Lens for Hartl Disk (f= -135 mm) • Trapezoidal Prism for Hartl Disk • Triangular Prism for Hartl Disk (90?, 45?, 45?) • Deformable Mirror for Hartl Disk • Plane Mirror for Hartl Disk • Refraction Index Vessel for Hartl Disk, (60 mm dia.) • Polarization Tank, with two Rubber Stopper • Support for Polarization Tank • Pair of polarizing filter • Photometer • Transformer, 12 V 2.5 A • Ray optics and colour mixing box with lamp, coloured filters, slits, mirrors
• Base support for ray optics box • White metal screen. LAWS & PRINCIPLES INVESTIGATED : • Principles of bi-concave, bi-convex lenses and mirrors • Mixing colours • Fermat’s principle • Determine the focal length of a lens
• Hartl apparatus • Inverse square law of light • Light reflection and refraction • Malus’ Law • Photometry • Prism • Refraction index of a glass and a liquid • Rotation of light • Snell’s Law • Total reflection.
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Optics System 3 (0732)
Specifications : Size: 30 x 23 x 7 cm – Weight: approx. 1 kg Packing: comes with a durable ABS plastic carry case with foam inserts. • Laser on stem (630 – 670 nm) • Rechargeable accumulators (2x) • Plug-in power supply • Cylindrical lens • Polaroid filter • Holder for slides and Diaphragms • Plastic base (2x) • Slide with 1 slit (width 0.06 mm, separation 0.20 mm) • Slide with 2 slit (width 0.06 mm, separation 0.20 mm) • Slide with 3 slit (width 0.06 mm, separation 0.20 mm) • Slide with 4 slit (width 0.06 mm, separation 0.20 mm) • Slide with 5 slit (width 0.06 mm, separation 0.20 mm) • Slide with 6 slit (width 0.06 mm, separation 0.20 mm) • Coarse grating 1 (4 lines per mm, line/space ratio 3:1) • Coarse grating 2 (4 lines per mm, line/space ratio 6:1) • Coarse grating 3 (8 lines per mm, line/space ratio 3:1) • Metal gauze 300 mesh for bidimensional diffraction grating • Diffraction grating with three different rulings (100, 300 and 600 lines per mm). LAWS & PRINCIPLES INVESTIGATED : • Diffraction • Diffraction grating • Interference • Multiple slit diffraction • Optical activity • Single slit diffraction.
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Electrostatics System (0733)
Specifications Size: 73 x 50 x 16 cm – Weight: approx. 5.5 kg Packing: ABS plastic carry case with foam inserts. COMPONENTS : • Leaf Electroscope • Hollow sphere • Conductive sphere • Pith Ball Electroscope • Neon Tube • Reel of nylon filament, 25 m • Polyethylene strip • Wire stirrup to support items • Wool cloth • Silk cloth • Glass rod • Ebonite rod • Perspex rod • Electrophorus disk with handle • Proof plane with handle • Polyethylene tile • Faraday’s Well • Aluminium can (2x). LAWS & PRINCIPLES INVESTIGATED : • Charging by conduction • Charging by friction • Charging by induction • Conducting sphere • Investigating electric charge • Principles of the electroscope • Faraday ice pail experiment • Volta’s electrophorus experiment.
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Magnetics System 1 (0734)
Specifications Size: 50 x 42 x 12 cm – Weight: approx. 4 kg Packing: external suitcase in durable ABS plastic, internal foam to prevent accidental shock. COMPONENTS : • Floating magnets with base support • Neodymium magnet (5x) • Aluminium foil for eddy currents • Magnetic field chamber 2D • Magnetic field chamber 3D • Pocket compass, diam. 38 mm • Plotting compass (10x) • U-shaped magnet (with keeper) • Horseshoe magnet (with keeper) • Horseshoe magnet (with keeper) • Pair of cylindrical magnets • Earth’s magnetic model (diam. 55 mm) • Pair of plastic cased bar magnets • Pair of bar magnets (Chrome Steel) • Pair of bar magnets (Alnico) • Pair of bar magnets (Ferrite) • Ring magnets (5x) • Cylindrical iron bar • Cylindrical steel bar • Hook • Ferromagnetic chain (length 200 cm) • Iron filings (package of 300 g) • Stainless steel sphere. LAWS & PRINCIPLES INVESTIGATED : • Amp?re’s Equivalence Theorem • Attractive-Repulsive magnetic forces • Biot-Savart Law • Earth’s magnetic field • Eddy currents • Faraday’s Law • Image charge method • Lenz’s Law • Magnetic dipole and its interactions • Magnetic dipole vs. magnetic monopole • Magnetic field • Magnetic force • Magnetic hysteresis • Magnetic moment determination • Magnetic and Electrostatic Mapping • Ohm’s Law • Magnetisation and demagnetisation of steel and iron.
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